Hidden History of Welsh Faerie Witchcraft in America

And continued in the 70's...
1970	"The Family" membership reaches thirty-two. The third annual Conclave, fourth annual Gathering of the Tribes, and Pagan outer court festival is held on the eastern shore of Maryland. The Church of All Worlds becomes the first neopagan group to be given non-profit status by the IRS.
1971	In the Fall of 1971, the headquarters of the Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, is re-located to Smyrna-Marietta, Georgia. The Family disbands. The Coven of Ganymede relocates to Roanoke, Virginia and disbands in 1975. The Coven of Merlin relocates to Richmond, Virginia and disbands in 1977. The Coven of the Crystal Dragon relocates to Athens Georgia where it continues until 1986 when it relocates to Kennesaw, Georgia. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the fifth annual gathering of the Tribes on Land near Kennesaw GA. The first American Aquarian Festival of Astrology and the Occult Sciences, later called Gnosticon, is organized by Carl Weschcke and attended by many of the best-known Wiccans and Neopagans. Tim Zell publishes his article, "Theagenesis: The Birth of the Goddess" in the Green Egg, which articulates a Gaia theory several years before James Lovelock popularized the idea. CAW becomes more Neopagan in orientation. Janet and Stewart Farrar leave the Alex Sanders coven to found their own coven. They become two of the most influential Wiccan authors, *starting with the publication of What Witches Do* in 1971.** Morgan McFarland and Mark Roberts create the Dianic witchcraft tradition (now called McFarland Dianic, and distinguished from Z. Budapest's feminist Dianic witchcraft, see below). Unlike Z. Budapest's Dianic tradition, the McFarland tradition was gender-inclusive, both in its practice and in its theology. Unlike both traditional British Wicca, which views divinity as essentially a polarity of male and female divinities, and feminist Dianic witchcraft, which views divinity monotheistically as a parthenogenic female, the McFarland Dianics occupy a middle ground, viewing divinity in terms of an immortal Creatrix and her mortal male consort. While primary emphasis was given to the Goddess, her male consort was not excluded. McFarland's tradition initially eventually included three covens, one exclusively female, one mixed-gender, and one for families with children. Their rituals were primarily celebratory. According to Mark Roberts, "[T]he majority of our ritual circles are for the praise and worship and contact of and with the Goddess. The protective spirit of our circles is more to shield us from the 20th century than to protect us from malicious harm. Our circles are a haven from the present the frees us to touch the past and restore our attunement to nature." The McFarland Dianic were very strongly influenced by Robert Graves' White Goddess. McFarland claims to have hived off at least 50 high priestesses and may have influenced many others through publications and correspondence. It unquestionably inspired other mixed gender Dianic groups, including the Brazilian Dianic Nemorensis tradition founded by Claudiney Prieto around 2001. Zsuzsanna Budapest founds the Susan B. Anthony Coven No. 1, founding feminist Dianic witchcraft, an exclusively women's tradition. In 1975, she publishes The Feminist Book of Light and Shadows. From this point on American Wicca is inextricably tied with the feminist spirituality movement, also known as Goddess religion. Feminist witchcraft uses the symbol of the "witch" to empower women against patriarchy. According to Sarah Pike, Budapest was influenced by Robert Graves and Jane Harrison. *Llewellyn publishes a version of the hitherto secret Gardnerian Book of Shadows* provided by Jessie Bell (“Lady Sheba”), making it available to all would-be Wiccans. A talk given by Morning Glory Zell (of the CAW) to a women's group at the Worldcon science-fiction convention in LA is the beginning of the women's spirituality movement in the U.S. The UK-based Pagan Federation is organized.**
1972	Y Tylwyth Teg joins the Pagan Way and begins distributing the rituals. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the sixth annual gathering of the Tribes on Land near Kennesaw GA. Gloria Steinem describes the prehistorical matriarchal origins of society in her Wonder Woman. The original NROOGD coven (the Full Moon Coven) hives off the "Spiral Dance Coven", from which Starhawk later takes the name of her book. Another is called "The Dancer and the Dance Coven". Starhawk later makes extensive use of the NROOGD liturgy and practice without ever crediting the source. Arnold Toynbee publishes "The Religious Background of the Present Environmental Crisis".
1973	Through the Association of Cymry Wiccae, Y Tylwyth Teg applies to the Internal Revenue Service for a religious Tax Exempt Status. Y Tylwyth Teg begins to publicly teach a correspondence course under the alias Brotherhood of Wicca. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the seventh annual gathering of the Tribes on Land near Kennesaw GA. Mary Daly publishes Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women's Liberation Robin Morgan, one of the founding members of W.I.T.C.H. comes out as a Dianic witch at a feminist conference. She concludes her keynote address by quoting from the "Charge of the Goddess".
1974	Church of Y Tylwyth Teg joins the Fellowship of Isis in Ireland. Y Tylwyth Teg founds the first Pagan Special Interest Group at the University of Georgia. Lady Sirce of Sacramento, California is initiated. Lady Branwen of Augusta, Georgia is initiated. Lady Eilonwy of Florida is initiated, Lady Althaea of Rhode Island is initiated. The Brotherhood of Wicca is formally dissolved and all business is transferred to The Church of Y Tylwyth Teg. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the eighth annual gathering of the Tribes on Land near Kennesaw GA. Raymond Buckland (who brought Gardnerian Wicca to the United States in 1963) publishes The Tree: The Complete Book of Saxon Witchcraft, in which he reverses his earlier (1970) position, not only stating that self-initiation is valid, but offering a means for doing so (the first of many such how-to books), calling his tradition “Seax-Wicca”, which he ironically claims is the youngest tradition. This is the end of the hegemony of traditional Wicca in America. The same year, the Green Egg publishes an article entitled "How to Form Your Own Coven". Selena Fox founds Circle Wicca, which becomes Circle Sanctuary in 1979. In that same year, she compiles the first Circle resource guide. Circle became the seedbed for many Wiccan and Neopagan groups. It also begins the neopagan temple movement. The Council of American Witches adopted a document titled "Principles of Wiccan Belief" that defined the central belief system of Wicca/Witchcraft for the general public. WomanSpirit is first published, including articles, poetry, and rituals, exploring the divine feminine. The journal was published until 1984. Marija Gimbutas publishes The Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe republished in 1982 as The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, becomes the foundation of the theory of matriarchal prehistory. *Gerald Gardner's Witchcraft Today* is published in the U.S., 20 years after publication in the U.K.**
1975	Until October of 1975, the Church of Y Tylwyth Teg and Association of Cymry Wicca grows very slowly and deliberately. During the Samhain ritual, one of our elders receives a spiritual insight which changed his life forever. He sees figures of a Woman and a man merge within an Oak tree. It is explained to him by his spiritual guides and his teacher Sarah, that this means that his future task is to help relink humanity with Nature. The Association adopts the Goddess Cerridwen as its muse, and begins working to disseminate the concept of re-linking with Nature. Shortly thereafter, one of the original founders of the Association (Coven of Ganymede) leaves the group. The two remaining founders spend the Fall redefining their roles within the Association. Lady Branwen becomes vice president of The Association. During this time the energy toward manifestation quickens as the number of member covens grow from the original three to twenty-three. Y Tylwyth Teg's public relations work on behalf of Paganism begins. An accurate and positive article about Paganism accompanied by a full color photo of a High Priest of Y Tylwyth Teg performing a ritual appears in the local newspaper. Rhuddlwm Gawr graduates from the University of Georgia with a BLA degree in Environmental Design and Ecology. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the ninth annual gathering of the Tribes on Land near Kennesaw GA. Bangor Institute is founded. Rhuddlwm Gawr joins Mensa and founds the Pagan/Occult/Witchcraft Special Interest Group (POWSIG). Y Tylwyth Teg founds the Sword of Dyrnwyn Newsletter and starts a information exchange to help Pagans from many traditions and groups connect with each other. The newsletter includes articles on Paganism, Witchcraft, Magick, herbs, spiritual healing, metaphysics, and parapsychology. Y Tylwyth Teg begins serving as a resource center for Pagans and Witches. Y Tylwyth Teg attends and helps with the publicity of the Pan Pagan Festival sponsored by the Midwest Pagan Council, and held at an Indiana campground. Doreen Valiente publishes An ABC of Witchcraft. She states that initiation is not necessary to become a witch (one year after Buckland). Three years later, she publishes Witchcraft for Tomorrow, a complete Book of Shadows of her own composition, including a ritual for self-initiation. According to Margot Adler, by this year, many Wiccans had begun to regard the question of origins as unimportant. The Covenant of the Goddess is formed by approximately ten covens in California. It becomes a national organization dedicated to encouraging networking among covens and providing credentials for priests and priestesses. Membership was eventually extended to solitaries. Aidan Kelly was the co-founder. Thomas deLong, aka Gwydion Pendderwen, releases his first album Songs for the Old Religion.
1976	Y Tylwyth Teg's land project begins. Camelot-of-the-Wood is conceived as a haven for Welsh Witches and an International Pagan Studies Center. Camelot-of-the-Wood begins working to establish a intentional community of members of Y Tylwyth Teg. Y Tylwyth Teg begins to raise funds and search for land to purchase. The Church of Y Tylwyth Teg through the Association of Cymry Wicca receives the first IRS Group Tax Exemption ever awarded to a Pagan or Witchcraft church assembly. The Association of Cymry Wicca begins providing a means by where Pagan Churches and Covens can acquire a legal tax exemption and be that much closer to being accepted by Society. Y Tylwyth Teg founds Pagan Grove Press whose purpose is to publish a Newsletter and books on paganism and Witchcraft. In September 1976, The Association of Cymry Wiccae and the Church of Y Tylwyth Teg co-sponsor the celebrate the tenth annual gathering of the Tribes and the first Gathering of the Tribes held in the North Georgia mountains. This was a gathering of pagan, Wiccan and earth religion leaders from all over the United States. Its theme was peace, and it was one of the first gatherings to forbid any kind of verbal animosity between groups. It worked. Groups began talking to other groups, met in friendship, and many lasting and important relationships prospered from this first gathering. Rhuddlwm is contacted by Lady Circe of Toledo, Ohio to help one of her neophytes, Sintana, become established in Atlanta. He gives her a great deal of study material and helps her found Ravenwood in Atlanta. She becomes known as Lady Sintana. Bangor Institute begins to establish courses of instruction. The Midwest Pagan Council is formed. *Merlin Stone publishes The Paradise Papers: The Suppression of Women's Rites, later published as When God was a Woman.* NROOGD disbands as an organization, but continues as a Wiccan tradition. Today writing and performing original rituals is an important part of membership in NROOGD. The Fellowship of Isis is formed, dedicated to promoting all Goddess traditions.
1977	Y Tylwyth Teg celebrates the 10th Anniversary of its founding in the United States. Y Tylwyth Teg legally incorporates as a Witchcraft Church in Georgia, establishing bylaws and a church structure with a board of directors, ordained ministers, a community of affiliated coven churches and a congregation. Y Tylwyth Teg's legal name as a non-profit organization becomes the Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, Inc. the name, Y Tylwyth Teg, becomes the church's trade name. Rhuddlwm Gawr steps down as the editor of POWSIG because of pressing duties with Y Tylwyth Teg. Valerie Voigt eventually takes over as editor. Y Tylwyth Teg's local Sword of Dyrnwyn newsletter expands to a national newsletter serving all Pagans and Wiccans. Lady Rhea of Louisville is initiated. Lady Levannah of Atlanta is initiated. Lady Galadriel of today's Grove of the Unicorn attends her first neophyte class with Rhuddlwm and Mithrandir. Y Tylwyth Teg begins sponsoring Pagan presentations outside Georgia. Y Tylwyth Teg staff presents workshops and travel to California, Alabama, Virginia, New York, Texas, Iowa and Kansas to do presentations and rituals. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the eleventh annual gathering of the Tribes held at Unicoi state park in Helen, Georgia, a secluded state owned conference center in the forested mountains of North Georgia. Y Tylwyth Teg through Pagan Grove Press, publishes Paganism's first "Yellow Pages", The Pagan New age Occult Directory, containing names and addresses of groups and individuals from many paths, plus a bibliography and other information. It stimulates contact and community building within and across geographical areas and traditions of Paganism. It is published until 1982. Bangor Institute is recognized by several Pagan Groups. *Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) publishes Cakes for the Queen of Heaven, a 10-session workshop in feminist spirituality.* *Mary Beth Edelson's Your Five Thousand Years Are Up* premiers in California.**
1978	Y Tylwyth Teg's media work on behalf of Paganism becomes national and international. The twelfth Annual and third Georgia "Gathering of the Tribes" is held. For the first time, a Southeastern Pagan/Wiccan Leadership conference is held. It is attended by Ray Buckland, Margot Adler, Jim Alan and Selena Fox of Circle, and many other leaders. This gathering, held at the time of Summer Solstice, brings together Pagans from many paths and places. It focuses on relinking with Nature, building community and culture across a diversity of traditions and paths. The Gathering is covered by a major American newspaper in an article appearing in the religion section. The article opens with an account and a photo of a ritual by Rhuddlwm Gawr then reports on Witchcraft and Paganism as a whole and as a growing religious movement. The article generates interest and more positive media coverage in the Southern USA. The US Army publishes "Religious Requirements and Practices of Certain Selected Groups: A Handbook for Chaplains", which includes chapters on Wicca and witchcraft. *Doreen Valiente publishes Witchcraft for Tomorrow, which includes a complete Book of Shadows and a ritual for self-initiation.* Carol Christ give the keynote address at the University of California at Santa Cruz Extension Conference, which was later published as "Why Women Need the Goddess" in WomanSpirit Rising (Carol Christ and Judith Plaskow, eds.) in 1979. It is considered the single most influential article in the Goddess movement.
1979	Camelot Press publishes The Quest by Rhuddlwm Gawr and Marcy Edwards. Y Tylwyth Teg begins providing face-to-face spiritual counseling for Pagans of many traditions in the Southeast US. Y Tylwyth Teg begins offering training for it's Priest/esses, Covens and other Pagan Groups. Bangor Institute continues to provide a means whereby members of the Welsh Witchcraft tradition and others could work toward entering the priest/esshood and acquire specialized degrees associated with the ancient Religious Bardic traditions. Bangor is the first Pagan School to give a Doctor of Divinity training program and Ordain Pagan ministers through the Church of Y Tylwyth Teg. Pagan Grove Press changes it's name to Camelot Press, Ltd. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the thirteenth annual gathering of the Tribes held at Unicoi state park in Helen, Georgia, a secluded state owned conference center in the forested mountains of North Georgia. *Naomi Goldenberg publishes The Changing of the Gods: Feminism and the End of Traditional Religions, coining the term "Thealogy".* *Starhawk publishes The Spiral Dance.* Her writing shows the influence of Jungian psychoanalysis.** Margot Adler publishes Drawing Down the Moon. She mentions the Association of Cymry Wicca and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg. She is the granddaughter of psychologist, Alfred Adler, who along with Freud and Jung was one of the founders of depth psychology. Her writing shows these influences. Starhawk's and Adler's books become catalysts for the Wiccan and American Neopagan movements. They also marked a shift in Neopagan's self-conception of legitimacy from one based on claims of historical continuity with the past to one based on Jungian psychological claims to universality. Thus Adler states: “The Old religion may not have existed geographically or historically, but it existed in the Jungian sense that people are tapping into a common source.” Adler's description American Neopaganism at the time may have had a greater influence on the course of its future development than anyone else from that point on. *James Lovelock publishes Gaia, which popularized the Gaia theory.* *Carol Christ publishes "Why Women Need the Goddess" in Womanspirit Rising.*

Going strong in the 80's...
1980	Y Tylwyth Teg sponsors Sun Bear, a Lakota Sioux medicine man, to speak at a public seminar in Athens, Georgia. Sun Bear later attends fourteenth Gathering of the Tribes at Unicoi and blesses Y Tylwyth Teg and all future Gatherings as "The New Way" and presents a peace pipe to Rhuddlwm in honor of the purpose of the Gathering. *Camelot Press publishes The Witches Herbal: Herbs of Welsh Witchcraft, and The Thirteen Mystical Treasures of Welsh Witchcraft* by Richard Lewis and Rhuddlwm Gawr.** Neopagans begin to realize that the claim to historical antiquity was a liability to their claims to legitimacy and that their identities as Neopagans can be based on something other than historical claims. The Neopagan claim to legitimacy begins to be built on its ability to tap into the Jungian concept of archetypes and universal symbols. The religion as a whole is recast in terms of an exploration of the human psyche and personal growth. Largest Neopagan festival ever is held, the Pan-Pagan Festival, sponsored by the Midwest Pagan Council and the Covenant of the Goddess. Almost 600 people attended the four-day festival including Rhuddlwm Gawr of Dynion Mwyn Michael Harner publishes The Way of the Shaman: A Guide to Power and Healing, the first practical text on shamanism, which argued that shamanism and the shamanic journey were legitimate practices connected with an altered state of consciousness and entrance into another reality. Harner is largely credited with the introduction of shamanic practices into Wicca and Neopaganism. *Carol Merchant publishes The Death of* Nature, which identifies the Enlightenment as the beginning of the paradigm shift to viewing nature as inert, rather than vital.**
1981	The first Camelot-of-the-Wood manifests. After five years of fund raising, land is found in Northwest Georgia and purchase begins. The purchase is kept a secret except to a select inner circle. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the fifteenth annual gathering of the Tribes held at Unicoi State park in Helen, Georgia. *Camelot Press publishes Celtic Witchcraft Meditation: Discovering Your Higher Self* by Rhuddlwm Gawr as told by Taliesin enion Vawr**
1982	Y Tylwyth Teg begins sponsoring Pagan youth education activities with programs of workshops, rituals, and other activities for children and teens during the sixteenth Gathering of the Tribes near Athens Georgia.. *Camelot Press re-publishes Mysteries of Welsh Faerie Witchcraft:* by Rhuddlwm Gawr as told by Taliesin enion Vawr. Camelot Press re-publishes Dream Magic: Programming Your Dreams with Welsh Witchcraft.** 1982: Thomas deLong, aka Gwydion Pendderwen, dies.
1983	Camelot Press re-publishes Sex Magick: Red Dragon Power and Celtic Witchcraft, and Welsh Witchcraft: An Initiation Into the Celtic Tradition. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the seventeenth annual gathering of the Tribes held near Athens, Georgia, at secluded nature center. The Re-formed Congregation of the Goddess--International is incorporated and became the first legally recognized religion serving the women's spiritual community.
1984	Camelot Press publishes The Power of Welsh Witchcraft: Psychic Development and the Old Religion, and Nature Magick: Celtic Witchcraft and Psychic Healing. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the eighteenth annual gathering of the Tribes held near Athens, Georgia, at a secluded nature center. *Marion Zimmer Bradley publishes The Mists of Avalon.* *Janet and Stewart Farrar publish The Witches Way* which fleshes out some of the philosophy of Wicca.**
1985	Rhuddlwm meets with Gwen Thompson, founder of the Celtic Tradition in the United States. They agree to become unofficially affiliated. Y Tylwyth Teg battles federal anti-Witchcraft legislation. Y Tylwyth Teg staff help with a nationwide campaign that defeats the Helms amendment. Senator Jesse helms attempts to take away federal church status from Wiccan churches. The amendment passes the US Senate in late September and is in danger of becoming law. Thousands of Wiccans and other Pagans join with the American Civil Liberties Union and others in expressing opposition to this piece of legislation. A network of Pagan religious freedom activists including Y Tylwyth Teg forms a phone tree across the Southeastern U.S. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the nineteenth annual gathering of the Tribes held near Atlanta, Georgia, held on private land. *Camelot Press publishes The Way* by Rhuddlwm Gawr. The Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans is organized. CUUPS provides education and credentials for Pagan clergy.** 1985: Robert Graves dies.
1986	Lady Cerridwen joins Y Tylwyth Teg and begins to reorganize the administrative and ministerial divisions. The Coven of the Crystal Dragon relocates to Kennesaw, Georgia where it continues today. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the twentieth annual gathering of the Tribes held near Athens, Georgia, at secluded nature center. The Word *is published in May of the year. Camelot Press re-publishes Celtic Paganism: Woman, Man, and Nature.*
1987	Y Tylwyth Teg celebrates the 20th Anniversary of its founding in the United States. Lady Gwynne passes on to Summerland soon after Rhuddlwm and Gwynne meet for the second time. Y Tylwyth Teg wins a controversial administrative court case regarding the ownership of a church post office box in Athens, Georgia. In so doing the Judge declares in his ruling that the Church of Y Tylwyth Teg is a legal Church, that Rhuddlwm Gawr is a legal minister of that church, and that Witchcraft is a bona fide religion. Y Tylwyth Teg wins this intensive religious freedom battle on its own, preparing its own legal briefs. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the twenty-first annual gathering of the Tribes held near Athens, Georgia, on private land. Camelot Press publishes Celtic Crystal Magick, Vol.1 by Rhuddlwm Gawr. Charles Arnold, formerly a member of the Wiccan Church of Canada, wins a legal battle in a Canada which results in the ruling that Wicca meets the definition of a religion.
1988	Camelot Press publishes Celtic Crystal Magick, Vol. 2. Rhuddlwm Gawr turns over leadership of The Church of Y Tylwyth Teg to Lady Cerridwen ab Gawr and devotes full time to the Association of Cymry Wiccae. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, vote to have a closed Gathering for Initiatory, ritual and business purposes near Atlanta, Georgia. *Scott Cunningham publishes Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner, which becomes one of Llewellyn's best-selling publications. He credited with making solitary practice respectable.* 1988: The year following Joseph Campbell's death, PBS broadcast a series of interviews with Campbell by Bill Moyers, which exposed his theories regarding myth and psychology to a much wider audience. 1988: Alex Sanders dies.
1989	*Camelot Press publishes The Threefold Cauldron: Celtic and Witchcraft Mythology. In June, Y Tylwyth Teg sponsors the 23rd Annual Gathering of the Tribes near Atlanta Georgia.* *The Canadian National Film Board's documentary Goddess Remembered* premiers.**

Through the 90's and beyond...
1990	Y Tylwyth Teg's networking expands its endeavors. Camelot Press publishes Relinking with Nature: Welsh Faerie Witchcraft - Cooperating With Nature Spirits by Merridden Gawr. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the 24th annual Gathering of the Tribes in the North Georgia mountains. Bangor Institute becomes inactive and ceases to receive applicants for the time being.
1991	Y Tylwyth Teg helps organize the protest of an anti-Witchcraft television series. Y Tylwyth Teg Staff and other Pagan religious freedom activists such as Selena Fox and Margot Adler help lead a nationwide campaign against an anti-Witchcraft series being developed by ABC television network for broadcast in the Fall season as a weekly prime time drama. Thousands of Wiccans and other Pagans from throughout the USA and elsewhere join together in Paganism's largest protest action yet. Throughout the Summer, they express their concerns about false stereotyping and the villainizing of Witches, and finally, ABC drops the series. Speakers for The 1991 Gathering of the Tribes includes Janet & Stewart Farrar, Otter and Morning Glory G'Zell, Isaac Bonewits, and many others. During The Gathering of the Tribes, Y Tylwyth Teg is instrumental in founding the Universal Federation of Pagans (UFP). The purpose of this organization is to provide national and international communications between members of the Pagan Community. The World Wide Web begins to be popularized. An increase in the use of the Internet leads to the creation of many Neopagan websites. The rapid increase in the availability of information on NeoPaganism drives the growth of non-traditional, eclectic, and solitary Neopaganism. Aidan Kelly publishes Crafting the Art of Magic which casts serious doubt on the legitimacy of Gerald Gardner's claims to have been initiated into a survival of an ancient witchcraft religion. Kelly's book represented one of the first academic studies into the origins of Wicca. The book was heavily criticized by traditionalists.
1992	Camelot Press re-publishes A Witches Astrologer - The Twelve Keys of the Ancient Druids. The first Annual meeting of The Universal Federation of Pagans is held at the twenty-sixth Gathering of the Tribes in Gainesville, Georgia. Many leaders from throughout the U.S and Canada attend. Lord Rhuddlwm Gawr of Y Tylwyth Teg, and Lady Amethyst of Coven of the Royal Oak are elected Co-Facilitators. Y Tylwyth Teg helps found the Southeastern Pagan Alliance (SEPA) to help network Pagans regionally. This was the infamous Gathering which was flooded. Many heroes appeared that night. Y Tylwyth Teg establishes its first Internet Homepage and expands its information and networking services.
1993	Camelot Press re-publishes The Triads: The Wisdom of Welsh Witchcraft and The Nine Levels of Welsh Witchcraft. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the twenty- seventh annual gathering of the Tribes, in North Georgia mountains. Re-imagining Conference held in Minneapolis. A “Blessing over Milk and Honey” performed, reimagining the Eucharist in terms of feminist spirituality. The Fellowship of Isis is represented at the Parliament of the World's Religions at Chicago.
1994	Y Tylwyth Teg moves its internet homepage to http://www.newageinfo.com/bus/cymry and again expands its services. Rhuddlwm Gawr graduates with a Ph.D. in Civil and Family Mediation and is certified as a Family Mediator with the state of Georgia. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the twenty-eighth annual gathering of the Tribes held near Athens, Georgia, at secluded nature center. *Camelot Press publishes Earth Energy: The Green Dragon Power of Celtic Witchcraft, by Merridden Gawr.* A significant presence of Pagan religious groups attend the World Parliament of Religions Conference in Chicago. The journal of the Pagan Federation changes its name from "The Wiccan" to "Pagan Dawn", reflecting a broader Pagan membership.
1995	Camelot Press re-publishes The Thirteen Mystical Treasures of Welsh Witchcraft. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the twenty-ninth annual gathering of the Tribes. The Unitarian Universalist Assembly votes to acknowledge "earth-centered spirituality" in its by-laws as a major source of UUA beliefs. Actress Cybill Shepherd comes out as a Wiccan at the 1995 Golden Globe Awards, stating "And I want to thank the Great Mother Goddess of the gift of righteous anger and for all her strength and inspiration. Blessed be!"
1996	Camelot Press re-publishes Taliesin of the Radiant Brow: Secrets of Welsh Witchcraft. The Association of Cymry Wiccae and Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, celebrate the thirtieth annual gathering of the Tribes. Wicca becomes televised with Sabrina: the Teenage Witch (a sort-of modern-day teenage Bewitched). The movie The Craft is released the same year. In 1997 and 1998, the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Charmed air. Also in 1998, Practical Magic appears in theaters. In 1997, J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was published. These television series, movies, and books, portray characters who are (more or less) openly witches, but not stereotypically evil. This marks the beginning of an increasing commercialization of Wicca. Pomegranate, the first academic journal of Neopagan studies is created.
1997	In April, Y Tylwyth Teg celebrates the 30th Anniversary of its founding in the United States during thirty-first Annual Gathering of the Tribes at Fairy Glen Farm at Pendelton, S.C. Speakers include Nigel Bourne and Seldiy Bates of London, England. Five cardinals send a letter petitioning the Pope to declare a fifth Marian dogma proclaiming Mary as the "co-redemptrix with Jesus the redeemer" and "mediatrix of all graces with Jesus". First non-Wiccan president of Pagan Federation.
1998	In April, Y Tylwyth Teg presents the third revision of its website and moves to http://www.dynionmwyn.com. Y Tylwyth Teg sponsors thirty-second Gathering of the Tribes at Indian Springs State Park, Georgia. Guests include druid author Ellen Hopman. The first Pagan Pride Day is held. Madonna's "Frozen" video premieres, with Madonna portrayed as a gothic "Triple Goddess"/witch figure.
1999	Y Tylwyth Teg sponsors 33rd annual Gathering of the Tribes at Indian Springs State Park, Georgia. . Guests include Lady Maeve of the Y Tylwyth Tulluan of Ohio, Lord Athos and Lady Caru of Y Tylwyth Teg, Ft Lauderdale FL. and many others. In December, Lady an associate, our Webmistress, dies of a heart attack after reading a death threat directed at the Tylwyth Teg web site. The sister of Taliesin enion Vawr dies after an extended illness. She will be missed. Lord Athos and Lady Caru transcribe several of Lord Rhuddlwm's books into computer files and they are published on the Y Tylwyth Teg web pages. Ronald Hutton publishes The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Hutton has been called a "gentle iconoclast". His work purported to nail the coffin lid on the myths of Gardner and Murray. Doreen Valiente dies.
2000	Taliesin enion Vawr, the last family member of the Wynne tradition of Dynion Mwyn, Welsh Witchcraft, dies after many years of struggle with a terminal illness. Taliesin's knowledge and wisdom will be missed. Y Tylwyth Teg sponsors 34th annual Gathering of the Tribes at Etowah River Campgrounds, Georgia. . Guests include Lady Maeve of the Y Tylwyth Tulluan of Ohio, Lord Athos and Lady Caru of Y Tylwyth Teg, Ft Lauderdale FL. and many others. Cynthia Eller publishes The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory: Why an Invented Past Won't Give Women a Future. Although only declaring what many Neopagans and feminist Goddess worshipers had already concluded, the publication of a book with so bold a title reflected the end of the historicism which marked the early phases of the Neopagan revival. Stewart Farrar dies.
2001	Y Tylwyth Teg sponsors 35th annual Gathering of the Tribes at Etowah River Campgrounds, Georgia . There are three pagan musical groups and much music. Guests include Lady Maeve of the Y Tylwyth Tulluan of Ohio, Lord Athos and Lady Caru of Y Tylwyth Teg, Ft Lauderdale FL. and many others. Y Tylwyth Teg is still alive and continues to thrive despite continuous interference by the "Religious Right" and misguided pagans. "Robert" Martin a teacher who worked with Taliesin enion Vawr contacts Rhuddlwm in Georgia and offers to help provide missing history of Dynion Mwyn in Wales. DM representatives sponsor several Study Groups lists on Yahoo. .Lady Rhiannon of California forms a YTT Study group on Yahoo. The Dynion Mwyn representative in Wales, Delyth, creates a Wales Study Group list on Yahoo. Lord Athos and Lady Caru form a Dynion MwynFlorida Study Group List on Yahoo. Dynion Mwyn forms a Study Group on Yahoo. The dream is becoming a reality. Victor Anderson dies.
2002	Y Tylwyth Teg sponsors 36th annual Gathering of the Tribes at Etowah River Campgrounds, Georgia . There are several pagan musical groups and much music. Guests include Lady Maeve of the Y Tylwyth Tulluan of Ohio, Lord Athos and Lady Caru of Y Tylwyth Teg, Ft Lauderdale FL. and many others. Y Tylwyth Teg continues to expand. "Robert" Martin continues to help fill in the gaps of history of Dynion Mwyn. DM representatives sponsor several Study Groups lists on Yahoo. Lord Athos and Lady Caru continue to work on the Florida Study Group List on Yahoo. The dream is becoming a reality. The Complete Idiot's Guide To ... Paganism is published.
2003	On February 2, 2003 Rhuddlwm Gawr retires as CEO of the Church of Y Tylwyth Teg, Inc. Y Tylwyth Teg sponsors the 37th annual Gathering of the Tribes at Etowah River Campgrounds, Georgia. There are several pagan musical groups and much music. Dynion Mwyn and Y Tylwyth Teg, Inc. decide to diverge and follow different paths with Y Tylwyth Teg being under the leadership of Cerridwen Gawr and Dynion Mwyn being under the leadership of Rhuddlwm Gawr. "Robert" Martin dies in May but he makes sure our tradition continues with more documents being sent by his friend David.
2004	Rhuddlwm Gawr legally Incorporates the Association of Cymry Wiccae, The Celtic Church of Dynion Mwyn, Inc., Camelot Press Group, Inc., and The Gathering of the Tribes, Inc. The Church of Dynion Mwyn now becomes the standard bearer for Welsh Witchcraft in America. Dynion Mwyn and several other groups sponsor the 38th annual Gathering of the Tribes at Etowah River Campgrounds, Georgia, but violent Weather causes the Gathering to be postponed until April 2005. There are several pagan musical groups and much music. Rhuddlwm visits the Midwest and attends the Elders festival as a speaker. Y Tylwyth Teg continues to expand. DM representatives sponsor several Study Groups lists on Yahoo. Laura Waldie is initiated and becomes the official webmaster of the Dynion Mwyn website at http://www.dynionmwyn.com Lori is initiated and becomes moderator of the Mid-Atlantic DM Yahoo Study Groups. Every state now has a DM webpage. Lord Athos and Lady Caru continue to work on the Florida Study Group List on Yahoo. The dream is becoming a reality; below you can find more information about Dynion Mwyn and the Association of Cymry Wiccae. Joseph Wilson dies.
2005	The planning for the 39th Gathering of the Tribes commences with several famous pagan authors and leaders from the US and Great Britain interested in being a part of our festival. Pagans United becomes a major sponsor of The Gathering of the Tribes. The dream is becoming a reality; below you can find more information about Pagans United, Dynion Mwyn and the Association of Cymry Wiccae. Come join the dance!
2006	The 39th Gathering of the Tribes is held at Elijah Clark State Park. Maxine Sanders, Christopher Penzance and other authors appear at the Gathering held April 27-30 at Enota Campgrouns near Hiawasee Georgia. A problem with the venue arises and the Gathering location is switched to Etowah River campgrounds near Dahlonega Georgia. And again, two weeks before the Gathering, it is again moved to Elijah Clark State Park near Augusta Georgia. Come join the dance! Go to http://www.dynionmwyn.com/GATH2006/gathering.html
2007	The 40th Gathering of the Tribes is held at PanGaea Sanctuary near Augusta Georgia. Maxine Sanders (England - co-founder Alexandrian Witchcraft Tradition) ; John Belham-Payne (Spain - British Traditional Witchcraft Tradition) ; Lady Rhiannon (Michigan-Celtic Witchcraft Tradition of Lady Gwen Thompson) ; Wren Taylor (Georgia - Keltria Druid and Gardnerian Traditions) ; Kenny Klein (California-co founder Blue Star Witchcraft tradition) ; Rhuddlwm Gawr (Georgia - Welsh Witchcraft Tradition), Lady Amythyst; (Georgia-Traditional Witchcraft) ; Lady Passion, (Tennessee-Gardnerian Witchcraft/Santaria) ; Laura Wandrie (Georgia - President of Pagans United) ; Plus Spokespeople for other Witchcraft, Druid, and Shaman traditions are invited and appear at the Gathering held May 31 - June 3. Come join the dance! Go to http://www.dynionmwyn.com/GATH2007/gathering.html The US Veteran's Administration approves the Pentagram as a symbol on headstones for fallen soldiers in military cemeteries.
2008	The 41st Gathering of the Tribes is held at PanGaea Sanctuary near Augusta Georgia. Maxine Sanders (England - co-founder Alexandrian Witchcraft Tradition) ; John Belham-Payne (Spain - British Traditional Witchcraft Tradition) ; Lady Rhiannon (Michigan-Celtic Witchcraft Tradition of Lady Gwen Thompson) ; Wren Taylor (Georgia - Keltria Druid and Gardnerian Traditions) ; Kenny Klein (California-co founder Blue Star Witchcraft tradition) ; Rhuddlwm Gawr (Georgia - Welsh Witchcraft Tradition), Lady Amythyst; (Georgia-Traditional Witchcraft) ; Lady Passion, (Tennessee-Gardnerian Witchcraft/Santaria) ; Laura Wandrie (Georgia - President of Pagans United) ; Plus Spokespeople for other Witchcraft, Druid, and Shaman traditions are invited and appear at the Gathering held May 31 - June 3. Come join the dance! Go to http://www.dynionmwyn.com/GATH2007/gathering.html The US Veteran's Administration approves the Pentagram as a symbol on headstones for fallen soldiers in military cemeteries.
2009	The 42nd Gathering of the Tribes is held at PanGaea Sanctuary near Augusta Georgia. Maxine Sanders (England - co-founder Alexandrian Witchcraft Tradition) ; John Belham-Payne (Spain - British Traditional Witchcraft Tradition) ; Lady Rhiannon (Michigan-Celtic Witchcraft Tradition of Lady Gwen Thompson) ; Wren Taylor (Georgia - Keltria Druid and Gardnerian Traditions) ; Kenny Klein (California-co founder Blue Star Witchcraft tradition) ; Rhuddlwm Gawr (Georgia - Welsh Witchcraft Tradition), Lady Amythyst; (Georgia-Traditional Witchcraft) ; Lady Passion, (Tennessee-Gardnerian Witchcraft/Santaria) ; Laura Wandrie (Georgia - President of Pagans United) ; Plus Spokespeople for other Witchcraft, Druid, and Shaman traditions are invited and appear at the Gathering held May 31 - June 3. Come join the dance! Go to http://www.dynionmwyn.com/GATH2007/gathering.html The US Veteran's Administration approves the Pentagram as a symbol on headstones for fallen soldiers in military cemeteries.
2010	The 43rd Gathering of the Tribes is held near Waterloo Iowa. Go to http://www.dynionmwyn.com/GATH2010/gathering.html The US Veteran's Administration approves the Pentagram as a symbol on headstones for fallen soldiers in military cemeteries. Mary Daly American radical feminist, philosopher, academic, and theologian, Dies

Sources (partial):

Adler, Margot. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshipers, and Other Pagans in America Today (1979, 1986)

Burnett, David. Dawning of the Pagan Moon (1991)

Clifton, Chas. Her Hidden Children: The Rise of Paganism and Wicca in America (2006) (includes timeline)

Ellwood, Robert, and Partin, Harry. Religious and Spiritual Groups in Modern America (1988)

Ellwood, Robert. "Notes on a Neopagan Religious Group in America", History of Religions, vol 11, No. 1 (1971)

Fitch, Ed. A Grimoire of Shadows (1996), especially "Preface", excepts by Sylvana SilverWitch in "Ed Fitch: Revealing the Craft", Widdershins, vol. 1, no. 2 (1995) [external link]

Gruagach, Ben. The Wiccan Mystic: Exploring a Magickal Spiritual Path (2007) (includes timeline)

Howard, Mike. "Gerald Gardner: The Man, the Myth & the Magick" [external link]

Hutton, Ronald. "The Roots of Modern Paganism", in Harvey, Graham, Paganism Today (1996)

Hutton, Ronald. The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft (1999)

Kelly, Aidan. "Notes on Gardnerian History" (1994) [external link]

Lamond, Frederic. Fifty Years of Wicca (2005)

Lewis, James R. Witchcraft Today: An Encyclopedia of Wiccan and Neopagan Traditions (1999) (includes timeline)

Lipp, Deborah, and Bonewits, Isaac. The Study of Witchcraft: A Guidebook to Advanced Wicca (2007)

Muntean, F. D. "Wicca After Starhawk" (1995) [external link]

Orion, Loretta. Never Again the Burning Times: Paganism Revived (1995)

Pearson, Jo. “Demarcating the Field: Paganism, Wicca, and Witchcraft” in DISKUS, vol. 6 (2000) [external link]

Pike, Sarah. New Age and Neopagan Religions in America (2004) (includes timeline)

Rabinovitch, Shelley, and Lewis, James. The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism (2002)

Starhawk, The Spiral Dance: A Rebirth of the Ancient Religion of the Goddess (1979, 1999)

"The McFarland Dianics--A Chronology" [external link]

Waldron, David. The Sign of theHistory of Religions, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Aug., 1971), pp. 125-139

Waldron, David and Sharn. "Jung and the Neo-Pagan Movement" [external link], Quadrant, vol. 34, No. 2 (Summer 2004)

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Contact us at our e-mail: dynionmwyn23@hotmail.com

For information on all individuals and organizations listed in this website, or the name of a contact person in your area that can give you further information on the Church of Y Dynion Mwyn, contact us at dynionmwyn23@hotmail.com . Let us hear from you!
You may also call us at 000-000-0000 If you access our voice mail, we will call you back collect if long distance.

Or, you can write to DM P.O. Box 673206, Marietta, GA 30006-0036

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It changed in the 30's...
1938	Gleb Botkin founds The Church of Aphrodite in New York, worshiping in monotheistic fashion a female goddess who gave birth to the universe. Some of Botkin's followers went on to join other Neopagan movements with beliefs that drew from the Church of Aphrodite.
1939	Gerald Gardner joins the Folklore Society. Gerald Gardner claims to have been initiated into the New Forest coven in the home of “Old Dorothy”

1940	Rhuddlwm Gawr, founder of Y Tylwyth Teg and Dynion Mwyn in America is born on June 21, the Midsummer Solstice
1941	Gardner joins the naturist (nudist) group, The Fiveacres Country Club.
1942	Victor Anderson begins initiating others into what will become his Feri witchcraft tradition; later incorporating Gardnerian and Alexandrian practices; strongly influenced by Max Freedom Long's, Hawaiian Huna; Later initiated Gwydion Pendderwen and Starhawk.

1946	Gerald Gardner joins Ancient Druid Order and its governing council.
1947	Gerald Gardner is introduced to Aleister Crowley, becomes a member of the O.T.O. Crowley dies the same year. *Gardner begins writing his Grimoire, Ye Bok of Ye Arte Magickal, which later becomes the Book of Shadows.*

1953	Doreen Valiente is initiated by Gardner and becomes his High Priestess. She worked to revise Gardner's Book of Shadows and her influence is seen in Witchcraft Today.
1954	*Mircea Eliade publishes The Myth of the Eternal Return. In 1958, he publishes Patterns in Comparative Religion.*

1954	*Gerald Gardner publishes Witchcraft Today. The book is not published in the U.S. until 1974.*
1955	*Erich Neumann publishes The Great Mother, which describes four cyclical stages of the anima: positive/negative elementary/transformative characters (correspond with aspects of the goddess)*

1955	Esther Harding publishes Women's Mysteries, Ancient and Modern, a Jungian interpretation of the feminine principle in myth.
1956	Following a mystical experience of the "Mysterious Feminine", Frederick Adams founds the Fellowship of Herperides, which evolves into Feraferia. Adams is influenced by Robert Graves, Jung, Eliade, and Bachofen.

It Exploded in the 60's...
1960	Robert Heinlein publishes Stranger in a Strange Land. Idries Shah takes Gardner to visit Robert Graves at the poet's home on Majorca.
1961	In June of 1965, Rhuddlwm, an American working in Europe, met Sarah Llewellyn, a Welsh Witch on holiday, on the Isle of Majorca off the coast of Spain. From that meeting comes an instant spiritual connection. Sarah had been to see Robert Graves who wrote The White Goddess, about 2 miles from their meeting-place.
1962	1962: Tim Zell founds the Church of All Worlds a Neopagan religious organization modeled after the fictional organization in the novel Stranger in a Strange Land, including polyamory, sacraments ("Never Thirst"; water-sharing), immanent divinity ("Thou art God"), and pantheism (“all that groks is God”). *1962: Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, which becomes a wellspring for the ecological movement.*
1963	Raymond and Rosemary Buckland begin initiating Americans into Gardnerian witchcraft on the east coast. According to Fred Lamond, Gardnerian Wicca did not arrive on the west coast until 1973. The Reformed Druids of North America begins as a protest against a requirement that students at Carleton College, in a small Midwest American town, attend religious services. Since any religious service would count, some students started RDNA as a humorous way to test the system. The founders were Jewish, Christian and agnostic and did not intend to start a new religion. However, it subsequently evolves into one and spreads. Isaac Bonewits joins the RDNA in 1968. The organization becomes more explicitly neopagan. Betty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique
1964	*The Pentagram* periodical is first published in the UK. The Waxing Moon periodical is first published in the US. The two are the first Neopagan periodicals.** Gerald Gardner dies.
1965	In June of 1965, Rhuddlwm, an American working in Europe, met Sarah Llewellyn, a Welsh Witch on holiday, on the Isle of Majorca off the coast of Spain. From that meeting comes an instant spiritual connection. Sarah had been to see Robert Graves who wrote The White Goddess, about 2 miles from their meeting-place. *1965: J. R. R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings* published in paperback edition in the U.S.**

1966	Rhuddlwm is initiated into the Welsh Tribe of Dynion Mwyn, "The Gentle Folk", near Betws-y-Coed, in North Wales. This is a family of Witches that claim a lineage from 1282 A.D. and Prince Llewellyn of Wales. Thus begins the first step on Rhuddlwm's journey to awakening. He is given the name Rhuddlwm Gawr by the elders of that tradition, and told that he is to return to the United States and begin secretly to teach the Craft of - Y Tylwyth Teg - the Clan of "The Fairy Folk". Later, he writes that he feels unprepared and unwilling to teach, but after returning to the United States, he joins a major Aerospace company in Landover, Maryland. He is immediately transferred to Houston, Texas and assigned to NASA's Apollo Manned Lunar Project. He tries to ignore the elders words but soon finds himself teaching an introductory class in Witchcraft in a small Houston bookstore. The Californian psychedelic counterculture peaks. Robert Cochrane (Roy Bowers), founder of the Clan of Tubal Cain, dies after ingesting belladonna on Midsummer's Eve. Other traditions were strongly influenced by Cochrane, including the Roebuck Tradition, and Joseph Wilson's 1734 Tradition. Doreen Valiente was also a member of Cochrane's coven, for two years until shortly before Cochrane's death. *Robert Graves' The White Goddess* is republished by an American publisher in a revised and enlarged edition. Samuel N. Kramer publishes his findings that the Sumerian Dumuzi (counterpart to the Babylonian Tammuz and consort to Inanna/Ishtar) in fact rises from the dead annually.**
1967	In March, Rhuddlwm is transferred to Washington, DC, where he establishes the first Coven of Y Tylwyth Teg in the U.S. There is an enthusiastic response by many seekers and students in the area who were hungry for any kind of Earth-oriented spiritual teaching. He initiates Lady Dana who becomes his first High Priestess. Later, the "Coven of Y Tylwyth Teg" expands into a much larger organization - "The Church of Y Tylwyth Teg in America." Y Tylwyth Teg's first coven brings together Wiccans and Pagans from several traditions, including solitaires and traditional Welsh Celtic Pagans. Y Tylwyth Teg presents its first Spring Festival "The Gathering of the Tribes" (the first Pagan Gathering of the Tribes recorded) and its first Midsummer celebration "The Battle of the Winter and Summer Kings" presided over by Lord Rhuddlwm and Lady Dana. Y Tylwyth Teg begins to grow and establish sister covens in Florida, Texas, California and Georgia. During a trip to Bermuda, Rhuddlwm rendezvous with Sarah and is initiated to higher levels of responsibility. In late November of 1967, Rhuddlwm is instrumental in founding "The Association of Cymry Wiccae" as an assembly of Welsh Traditional Covens in America. Frederick Adams founds Feraferia, a wilderness mystery religion, inspired by Robert Graves, Thoreau, archetypal psychology, and naturism (nudism). He also had contact with British pagan groups. He emphasized the Kore (erotic/maiden) aspect of the Goddess trinity, celebrating an erotic union with nature through an annual ritual cycle. Adams met with Robert Graves in 1968. Adams trained Gwydion Pendderwen. Sarah Pike marks this, together with the founding of NROOGD, as the beginning of the Neopagan movement. Aidan Kelly founds the New Reformed Order of the Golden Dawn (NROOGD) with an original Book of Shadows, by experimentation and library research, without any direct contact with an existing craft tradition, drawing on Gardner's writings, as well as Graves' The White Goddess. Sarah Pike marks this, together with the founding of Feraferia, as the beginning of the Neopagan movement. *Lynn White publishes "The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis" in the periodical Science, which examines the effect of Christianity on humankind's relationship with nature.*
1968	Y Tylwyth Teg establishes a worship site on private land near Landover Maryland. A ritual circle is created and dedicated in a grove of oak trees near the main house. Rhuddlwm, with the help of several Witch leaders of Welsh heritage, organizes the first annual Conclave meeting held in Spring 1968 at the Gathering of the Tribes. During this first meeting, many speak of the "primal energy" that is generated, and the love that seems to permeate everything. As a result of this meeting, a "conclave" of three Welsh Witchcraft covens is born. This conclave was thereafter referred to as the "The Grove of The Crystal Dragon." It consists of "The Coven of The Crystal Dragon", "The Coven of Merlin" and "The Coven of Ganymede." Sharing a common vision of the ancient gods and the survival of the Dynion Mwyn Pagan religion, it is agreed that because of the current uncertainties of the day, The Association is to keep a low profile and operate in secret for as long as possible. The three groups work together over the next two years quietly disseminating knowledge and information when needed. In the Fall, Y Tylwyth Teg begins sponsoring private classes and lectures in Alexandria, Virginia. Carlos Castaneda publishes The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowing, following Mircea Eliade's publication of Shamanism in 1964, stimulating interest in shamanism and indigenous spirituality. W.I.T.C.H. (Women's International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell) staged an ironic "hexing" of Wall Street in the form of street theater mixed with protest. CAW begins publishing the Green Egg newsletter. It becomes the most important neo-pagan forum for many years. The publication is instrumental in the formation of a emerging identity around the word "Neopagan". Height of the American counterculture movement. According to Theodore Roszak, the "wellspring of sixties radicalism was an aesthetic response to a sense of deep-seated alienation and disillusionment felt by many Americans with the process of secularization and objectification of Western culture and society via the processes of modernity, industrialization and commodification." Monica Sjoo exhibits her painting "God Giving Birth", displaying a large woman, with a face half-black and half-white, in the act of childbirth.
1969	Y Tylwyth Teg through one of it's members, Beverly Sailer (Lady Arionrod), forms an outer court pagan group known as "The Family". Due to several members being influential government employees, the members vote to keep the true purpose of "The Family" a secret. The second annual Conclave and pagan outer-court festival at the Gathering of the Tribes, is held in a forest near Cumberland, Maryland. 1969: Andrew Fleming publishes "The Myth of the Mother-Goddess" in World Archaeology (vol. 1:, no. 2). He demonstrated that the archaeological evidence cited in favor of prehistoric Goddess worship was susceptible to other interpretations. This brought an end about 30 years of scholarly fascination with the subject. In the meantime, the writings of Jacquetta Hawkes, Margaret Murray, and Marija Gimbutas continued to dominate the popular consciousness. Ed Fitch (an initiate of the Bucklands into the Gardnerian tradition), together with others, begins circulating his "Outer Court Book of Shadows" (later published as A Grimoire of Shadows in 1996), which initially intended as an introduction to Gardnerian Wicca, and his Pagan Way materials ("A Book of Pagan Rituals"/"Rituals of the Pagan Way"), which ultimately were used as an alternative to traditional Wicca. This Pagan Way system was open (i.e., required no initiation). It was also nature-oriented, emphasizing the celebration of nature over occultism and magic. The materials were placed in the public domain to gain the widest possible distribution. They were first published in The Waxing Moon, later called The Crystal Well. The Pagan Way became a tradition in itself, with autonomous Pagan Way groves spreading across the country. The Pagan Way tradition has been called the “American Tradition”. In the UK, The movement became the Pagan Front in 1971, later renamed the Pagan Federation. Robert Graves had a profound influence on Fitch. Donna Cole (Shultz) is initiated into a Gardnerian coven in England. Shortly thereafter, Donna returned to Chicago where she and Herman Enderle formed the first Pagan Way grove, eventually called the Temple of the Pagan Way, which adopted Ed Fitch's new Pagan Way materials.